Basic Circuit Control Principple Of Embedded Wall Switches Thiab Sockets

Embedded phab ntsa hloov thiab cov qhov (sockets) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev ntse thiab kev tswj hluav taws xob. Cov qauv siv tshuab, tshuab hluav taws xob tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb yog kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Circuit Court topology, tswj logic thiab kev ruaj ntseg mechanisms yog soj ntsuam los ntawm peb qhov ntev.

 

 

Embedded phab ntsa hloov qhov (sockets) yog tsim Circuit Court nyob ib ncig ntawm peb -tiered qauv ntawm lub hwj chim input, tswj module, thiab load output, raws li nram no:

 

Fais fab Input Module

Lub module siv 220V AC mains input thiab ib tug thawj tiv thaiv Circuit Court uas muaj ib tug fuse (xws li . 0.1A) thiab zoo kub coefficient thermistor (PTC). PTC tuaj yeem tiv thaiv overheating thiab hluav taws kub thaum tam sim no txawv txav. Lub input circuit feem ntau muaj qhov qis- dhau lim (muaj cov capacitors thiab inductors) txhawm rau txhawm rau siab -ntau zaus cuam tshuam (xws li electromagnetic pulses) los ntawm daim phiaj fais fab thiab tiv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb rov qab mus rau hauv daim phiaj los ntawm kev hloov circuits.

Tswj Module

Cov tswj module yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub Circuit Court, uas yog muab faib ua mechanical control thiab electronic control.

• Mechanical control: Traditional rocker switches connects and disconnect circuits directly through mechanical contacts. Thaum qhov kev sib cuag raug kaw, tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov hlau nyob (L) mus rau qhov chaw thau khoom; thaum qhib kev sib cuag, lub Circuit Court raug txiav. Cov keyboards no pheej yig, tab sis lawv lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig yog txwv los ntawm kev sib cuag (feem ntau yog 100,000 kev ua haujlwm).
• Kev tswj hluav taws xob: siv cov relays lossis lub zog MOSFETs ua cov khoom hloov. Piv txwv li, WiFi ntse sockets tau txais kev tswj cov lus txib los ntawm serial WiFi modules uas tsav relay coil qhib thiab kaw. Thaum lub module tau txais "kaw" hais kom ua, lub PC8 chaw nres nkoj outputs ib theem siab, transistor Q1 conduction, relay coil yog qhib, hu raug kaw, thiab lub load yog powered; hloov, lub zog raug txiav. Tus qauv tsim txhawb kev tswj chaw taws teeb, tab sis yuav tsum tau siv hluav taws xob sab nraud, xws li 12V DC, los tsav cov relays.

Load Output Module

tso zis davhlau ya nyob twg ncaj qha mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb. Piv txwv li, lub qhov (socket) yuav tsum tau tsim kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv lub tebchaws (piv txwv li GB 2099.1-2008), thiab yuav tsum muaj kev sib txawv nruj ntawm qhov nyob (L), nruab nrab (N) thiab hauv av xaim (PE). Cov xaim hauv av txuas nrog cov vaj tsev hlau los ntawm cov xaim daj-ntsuab los tiv thaiv lub vaj tse los ntawm kev them nyiaj thaum muaj qhov xau.

 

 

Lub realization ntawm kev tswj logic ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov lus teb ceev thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm tus tes hloov. Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj xws li:
Direct tswj logic
Mechanical switches txuas thiab disconnect circuits ncaj qha los ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev, tsis tas yuav muaj circuitry ntxiv. Piv txwv li, ib tug unipolar ob - pov rocker hloov mus hloov tau lub hwj chim mov voltages (xws li . 3.3V thiab 5V) los xaiv qhov voltage los ntawm kev hloov kev sib cuag ntawm ob tug taag hu. Tus qauv tsim yog yooj yim, tab sis nws tsis tso cai rau cov chaw taws teeb tswj lossis cov lus pom zoo.
Electronic tswj logic
Kev tswj hluav taws xob ua tiav cov haujlwm ntse los ntawm kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cov sensors, microcontrollers (MCU) thiab actuators:

• Kev txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej: MCU pom cov xwm txheej hloov pauv los ntawm GPIO chaw nres nkoj. Piv txwv li, tus kov-hloov siv lub rub-nce resistor (10 omega) rub cov kua theem mus txog 3.3V thaum tsis nias thiab nqis mus rau 0V thaum nias. MCU lees paub lub pob ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qib GPIO lossis teeb tsa ib qho kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, xws li tus nqis nqis nqis.
• Kev tswj chaw taws teeb: WiFi modules (xws li ESP8266) sib txuas lus nrog cov ntawv thov mobile los ntawm TCP / IP raws tu qauv, tau txais cov lus txib hloov thiab tsav relays. MCU ntawm lub qhov (socket) ntse, piv txwv li, tswj kev pib ntawm Q1, kev sib txuas ntawm cov relays thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom thauj tom qab tau txais cov lus txib "pib".
• Cov lus qhia txog xwm txheej: Hloov cov xwm txheej yog qhia los ntawm LED qhov taw qhia lossis buzzer. Piv txwv li, LED anode txuas nrog MCU tso zis tus pin los ntawm qhov tam sim no - txwv cov resistor (220omega) thiab cov cathode yog grounded. Thaum MCU tso zis ntau dua, cov teeb ci LED tuaj, qhia tias qhov hloov pauv tau qhib.

Mixed Control Logic
Kev sib xyaw kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tswj xws li kev tswj tus kheej ntawm tus kheej -locking switch and electronic detection circuit. Tus kheej -locking hloov tuav nws txoj hauj lwm tom qab raug nias, tsis tas yuav muaj kev quab yuam sab nraud. MCU pom qhov hloov pauv ntawm qib GPIO kom paub txog qhov hloov pauv thiab sau cov xwm txheej rau EEPROM kom rov qab hloov pauv mus rau nws lub xeev qub tom qab qhov hluav taws xob.

 

 

Kev nyab xeeb yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm embedded phab ntsa mounted hloov thiab qhov (socket) tsim. Cov kev tiv thaiv uas muaj xws li:
Kev tiv thaiv overcurrent
fuses yog strung ua ke ntawm lub hwj chim input. Thaum qhov tam sim no tshaj qhov ntsuas tus nqi (piv txwv li, 10A), nws tawg, txiav tawm hauv Circuit Court. Cov sockets ntse tseem tuaj yeem saib xyuas tam sim no hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag siv cov khoom siv tshawb nrhiav tam sim no xws li HLW8012. Thaum qhov tam sim no tshaj qhov pib, MCU tswj cov relay kom tawg, tiv thaiv Circuit Court los ntawm overheating.
Kev tiv thaiv overvoltage / undervoltage
voltage regulator nti, xws li 78L05, yog siv los stabilize lub input voltage ntawm 5V tsav MCU thiab sensors. Thaum input voltage tshaj qhov kam rau ntawm lub nti (xws li . 7-12V), lub voltage regulator nti cia li txwv qhov voltage los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub cuab yeej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho hluav taws xob sib piv (xws li, LM393, tuaj yeem ntes cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; thaum qhov hluav taws xob poob qis dua qhov pib, nws ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
Kev tiv thaiv tam sim no
Lub xoom-ib ntu tam sim no transformer tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov sib txawv tam sim no ntawm cov xaim nyob thiab cov xaim nruab nrab. Thaum cov xau tam sim no tshaj 30mA, lub teeb liab tso zis hluav taws xob ua rau SCR mus txuas ntxiv, tsav tsheb mus rau qhov chaw txiav tawm. Qhov kev tsim no ua raws li cov qauv kev tiv thaiv tam sim no hauv lub tebchaws (xws li GB16917.1-2014).
Npaj txhij kov Tsim
Mechanical switches muaj kev huam yuaj- tiv thaiv kov qauv; Piv txwv li, cov nyees khawm yuav tsum tau nias rau qhov tob (piv txwv li, 2mm) txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis raug. Cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob siv software- tiv thaiv algorithms (xws li 10-millisecond ncua sij hawm txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qib kev hloov pauv) txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab thiab ua kom paub tseeb qhov tseeb.

 

 

Smart Home Scenarios

WiFi ntse sockets tso cai rau cov chaw taws teeb tswj cov khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, txhawb kev ua haujlwm xws li kev hloov pauv sijhawm thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev siv hluav taws xob. Lawv cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob xav tau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm WiFi module, relays, tam sim no nrhiav tau chips, thiab voltage regulator circuits, thaum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua me me (piv txwv li, qhov ntev tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50mm × 50mm).

Industrial Control Scenarios

Kev lag luam- qib phab ntsa hloov yuav tsum tiv taus qhov hnyav ib puag ncig (xws li, kub, av noo, vibration), ua haujlwm hlau casings thiab kaw tsim. Cov kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob siv cov qauv tsim tsis tu ncua, xws li dual relays nyob rau hauv parallel, kom ntseeg tau tias ib txwm hloov pauv txawm tias ib qho relay ua tsis tiav.

Public Facilities Scenarios

Phab ntsa hloov hauv cov chaw pej xeem yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov siab - siv zaus (piv txwv li, tshaj 1000 kev ua haujlwm ib hnub), siv siab -cov neeg kho tshuab kev sib cuag (piv txwv li, nyiaj hlau tiv tauj nrog lub neej ntawm 1 lab cycles) lossis contactless electronic switches (xws li, optocoupler- cais MOSFETs lifespan nrog unlimited).

 

 

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Internet ntawm Yam (IoT) technology, embedded phab ntsa keyboards thiab sockets yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev koom ua ke:

• Kev sib txuas lus wireless: nthuav tawm los ntawm WiFi mus rau Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa, thiab ntau dua los txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam khoom siv.
• Edge Computing Peev Xwm: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm AI algorithms los ua haujlwm xws li kev ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob thiab kev twv twv ua txhaum.
• Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Zog: tiag tiag- lub sijhawm saib xyuas hluav taws xob thiab kev siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob txhawm rau txhawb nqa cov nqi siab tshaj plaws thiab hav zoov kom zoo dua.
• Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Siv lub teb chaws cryptographic algorithms los encrypt kev sib txuas lus thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv to; kev koom ua ke ntawm biometrics (xws li kev lees paub ntiv tes) txhawm rau txhim kho kev tswj xyuas kev nkag.
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Embedded phab ntsa mounted hloov thiab lub qhov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog ib qho kev qhia dav dav ntawm kev siv tshuab, hluav taws xob thiab kev nyab xeeb. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm offline mus rau kev tswj hwm ntse, nws cov thev naus laus zis hloov pauv tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los, tab sis kuj tseem muab kev txhawb nqa yooj yim rau cov chaw tawm tshiab xws li lub zog hauv internet thiab cov nroog ntse. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb (xws li dav -bandgap semiconductors) thiab kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis (xws li 6GHz WiFi), kos cov keyboards thiab lub qhov (socket) yuav ua rau me me ntxiv, txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab dhau los ua cov pob txha ntawm lub ecosystem ntse.